According to the University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers, consumer sentiment has remained at very favorable levels for more than a year. In the February survey, it was just below the October 2017 peak of 100.7, the highest level since 2004.
The Surveys of Consumers is a rotating panel survey based on a nationally representative sample that gives each household in the coterminous U.S. an equal probability of being selected. Interviews are conducted throughout the month by telephone. The minimum monthly change required for significance at the 95-percent level in the Sentiment Index is 4.8 points; for the Current and Expectations Index, the minimum is 6 points.
U-M economist Richard Curtin, director of the surveys, said that the expected gains in incomes, jobs, and after-tax pay dominated concerns about rising interest rates and volatile stock prices.
He said that consumers anticipated that the unemployment rate would dip below 4 percent in 2018. Only modest gains in wages were anticipated, and inflation expectations have remained unchanged during the past few months. Overall, the data signal an expected gain of 2.9 percent in real personal consumption expenditures during 2018.
Curtin stated, “Modest hikes in interest rates will not cause postponement of discretionary purchases as long as wages and take-home pay continue to rise.”
“Personal tax cuts are crucial to spurring additional spending, but unlike prior cuts that had an immediate positive impact, this tax cut has not generated universal support.
“Partisanship has greatly influenced perceptions of the tax cut legislation. When asked to identify recent economic changes, net positive references to the tax cuts were made by 37 percent of Republicans and by 22 percent of Independents, but among Democrats, net negative references were made by 4 percent. The partisan division is likely to last even after the cuts add to take-home pay and boost spending.”
More consumers reported that they had recently heard favorable news about recent economic developments in February than at any other time since 1984. Two-thirds of consumers reported changes in either tax policies or employment gains.
Curtin mentioned that in the past two months, more consumers spontaneously mentioned a favorable change in economic policies that have been recorded in more than a half-century.
Favorable assessments of the current job situation were joined by optimistic expectations for additional declines in unemployment during the year ahead. Few complained about interest rates, although they were expected to increase by the most consumers since 2006.
When asked to assess their financial situation, 54 percent of all consumers reported improved finances, the highest proportion since January 2000. Income gains of 2.2 percent were anticipated across all households, just below the 2017 peak of 2.3 percent—the highest since 2008. Among those under age 45, a median income increase of 4.2 percent was expected during the year ahead, which was also down from the 2017 peak of 4.8 percent.
Curtain stated that the consumers do not anticipate a surge in the inflation rate anytime soon. When asked to explain their financial situation in the February survey, the fewest consumers in decades cited rising prices as a cause for declining living standards.
The Consumer Sentiment Index was 99.7 in the February 2018 survey, up from 95.7 in January and 96.3 in February 2017. The Current Conditions Index was 114.9 in February, up from 110.5 in January and 111.5 last February. The Expectations Index was 90.0 in February, up from 86.3 in January and last year’s 86.5.