Mpox is caused by the Orthopoxvirus monkeypox, formerly “monkeypox virus.” This is a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus, which is part of the same family of viruses as smallpox. The virus spreads through close contact with an infected person or animal or with contaminated materials, including bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, and lesion material.
Mpox was first identified in monkeys in 1958 when outbreaks occurred in colonies of laboratory monkeys. The initial cases were observed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(formerly Zaire) in 1970 when a 9-year-old boy was diagnosed with the disease.
Symptoms:
- The most common symptoms of Mpox are fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, swollen lymph nodes, chills, and exhaustion.
- A rash that spreads on the face to other body parts, turning into fluid-filled blisters that eventually scab over.
- Exposure to Mpox symptoms usually appears within 5 to 21 days after exposure and can last 2 to 4 weeks.
Prevention:
- Vaccination: The smallpox vaccine is effective in preventing Mpox. In some cases, people at high risk of exposure may receive the vaccine as a preventive measure.
- Avoiding Contact: Reduce contact with animals that could carry the virus, especially in areas where Mpox is known to occur. Avoid handling or eating animals that appear sick.
- Good Hygiene: Practice good hygiene by washing hands regularly with soap and water. If soap and water are not available, use hand sterilizers.
- Protective Measures: Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves and masks when caring for someone who has Mpox or handling their belongings.
- Isolation: If infected with Mpox, individuals should isolate themselves from others to prevent the spread of the virus.
- Monitoring Health: Be alert to symptoms and seek medical attention if you suspect you have been exposed to Mpox or are showing symptoms.
Following these measures can help reduce the risk of contracting or spreading mpox.
Recently, the World Health Organization(WHO) declared the reappearance of Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) in Africa as a” public health emergency of international concern”(PHEIC). This declaration was made due to a significant increase in cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC) and its spread to neighboring countries.
- MPOX’s rapid test development represents a major leap forward in disease detection
- Skin changes in monkeypox in the genital area
The new outbreak of Mpox is particularly concerning because it involves a new strain, clade 1b, which is spreading through sexual networks. The WHO emphasized the need for a coordinated global response to manage the outbreak and prevent further international spread.