Activity in brain while switching between hearing and listening

Attention alters activity in brain areas.

There is a difference between passive hearing and active listening. What if the brain switches to listening from hearing?

Researchers at the University of Basel have traced the neuronal fingerprint of the two types of sound processing in the mouse brain to answer this question.

Sensory processing varies depending on behavioral context. In this study, researchers focussed on how task engagement modulates neurons in the auditory system.

Attention and an animated state and movement play a role in how sound processing in the brain adjusts accordingly. Neuroscientists Professor Tania Rinaldi Barkat and Dr. Gioia De Franceschi from the Department of Biomedicine at the University of Basel have provided an accurate account of what happens in this process in the journal Cell Reports.

For their study, the researchers examined the activity of neurons in four different areas in the brains of mice known to be involved in increasingly complex sound processing.

During the experiment, the animals were either passively hearing the sounds played to them or actively listening to them to receive a reward for detecting the sounds.

It was shown that most neurons changed their activity when switching between hearing and listening. “But this doesn’t mean that all neurons behaved the same way,” explains De Franceschi. “We actually found ten distinct and specific types of activity change.”

Most of the neurons showed a change that was probably related to varying levels of attention. While, some of them also showed patterns of activity related to arousal level of the mice, their movement, the availability of a reward, or a combination of these factors.

The auditory pathway in the brain consists of a number of different nuclei that relay acoustic information from the cochlea to the primary auditory cortex. Two of the four areas along the auditory pathway studied by the researchers are thought to be at a “higher level” in processing complexity. “At the beginning of our study, we suspected that these were the areas particularly affected by attention to sounds,” said Barkat. “Surprisingly, however, this wasn’t the case.” Attention also alters activity in brain areas previously thought to perform only primary forms of sound processing.

“The results make it clear that even the detection of a simple sound is a cognitive process that profoundly and extensively shapes the way the brain works, even at very early stages of sensory processing.”

Journal Reference

  1. Gioia De Franceschi and Tania Rinaldi Barkat. Task-induced modulations of neuronal activity along the auditory pathway. Cell Reports (2021), Volume 37, Issue 11, 110115; DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110115

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